This era started as a calling for futurism that originally started in France in 1909 and revived in 1914. Futurism by Marinetti glorified technology of the automobile, its speed, movement, and power. Boccioni took actions and made sculptures of unique forms like "Unique forms of continuity of space" in 1913. "Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash" is a spotlight on the type of pictures captured in chronophotographic studies which created the look of motion. The Art of Noises by Russolo focused on the range of different sound effects in musical compositions which led him to create instruments like intonarumori. Futurism had a focus on war and it was big to others when Mussolini joined in. Rayonism was an art form that embraced being able to paint what we see but keep it abstract. Its goal was to create the world beyond the human eye. Supremitism was when there was a focus on the fundamentals of geometry and painted in limited colors, like the Black Square by Malevich. Constructivism focused on the importance of industrial materials and function. Tatlin was known as the father of constructivism and was a part of the futurist movement, he created pieces like "Corner Counter Relief". Sculptures from this time had negative space built into the design like in Tatlin's Tower. Henry Moore was influenced by many of these movements in order to create an abstract sculpture like "Reclining Woman". The BauHaus was also important because their mission was to create functional art in a unique and art-like way, known as "useful art". Kinetic construction such as the "Standing Wave" by Gabo created an illusion by twisting a 3D shape, the steel rod. Futurists wanted to demonstrate the illusion of movement. Dada art is a movement where nonsense and subversion played a part. The movement started in 1915 and a man named Hugo Ball just wanted art with his own rhythm, which is how performance art was brought up. It is not so much a performance, but is something that is absurd with no planning involved. An example is Warhol eating a Burger King burger, with the message that anyone can have it. It has a purpose to it. Tzara is considered the founder of Dada art. Dadaism is known for the humor, an example is Mona Lisa with a mustache. Dada was influenced by past movements like Cubism, Expressionism, etc. Then there is chance art where it is created by chance, no planning, just done by what happens. Dada art is limitless. Art didn't have to be nice, it could be a protest, like Duchamp and his Fountain piece where his statement was "anything can be art". He also came up with Conceptual Art or "art of the mind" where you had to think about it. Also his idea of Readymades, they were typical objects that could be bought and presented as art after little manipulation. Greenberg didn't like that. Bricolage was created by a range of available things. Surrealism in the 1920's didn't need to be created by rational thinking. Dadaism and Surrealism were important for the 20th century, as dada artists shifted to surrealists. The Anti-modernist movement consisted of people like Andy Warhol or Marina Abramovic. She would have no boundaries and would sit and see what people would do with her. Appropriation was when they took old art and recycled it, like David and Ronald McDonald or Starry Night appropriation. Postmodernism combined painting and sculpture. Fluxus art wanted everyone to be able to do art.
