We started with the cave paintings on the walls, then a jump to 500-1500 AD and Monks were copying manuscripts by hand. In 1450, the Gutenberg Printing Press was invented which allowed for copies to be made more easily. In 1800, the first major newspaper was printed The London Times (no pictures). 1804 led to the creation of the first steam powered railway. The Offset press of 1853 made printing and copies more efficient and cost effective. In 1989 the digital press was born which made low-volume printing affordable. Photography went through many processes, it started with the Camera Obscurer which left an upside down picture that could be traced on a wall of a dark room through a hole. The fist photo was taken in 1826, but no subjects yet due to 8 hour exposure. Daguerrotype reduced the exposure time to 15 minutes in 1939. The collodion or wet plate from 1951 left the exposure time to 5 minutes and was a more inexpensive way for a photo since it was printed on glass. It allowed for photography to be shared, like the civil war in 1962. Chronophotography was pictures that captured movement for study and created by Marey. He then created the photographic gun to shoot 12 frames a second. Muybridge captured time on film with the Zoopraxiscope - predecessor of modern cinema. Louis Le Prince is the father of Cinematography and the first to create moving pictures with his 1 lens and 16 lens camera. Dickson experimented with sound film and created the Kinetograph, Kinetoscope, and Kinetophone. Cinematographe was a way to project film. George Melies is the father of special effects. Kodak camera was easiest way for average people to take photos. Semiotics is a study of meaning and how it is communicated. There are 3 types: Iconic Signs, Indexical Signs,, and Symbolic Signs.
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